In your explication of the poem written about the painting you have already examined, you want to think about what the poem says, as well as how it says it. You will certainly think about the painting in this essay, since the poem refers to it, but the painting is not your main focus here–the poem is. Think about how it looks on the page, how it sounds read aloud, and how it reflects on the painting. Look for repetition, rhythm, rhyme, other uses of sound, metaphoric language, poetic forms that would not work in prose, syntax and punctuation, stanza and line breaks, mood or tone, in addition to thinking about the content of the poem.
There are many resources that can help you write your explication. The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University has some helpful information about writing about poetry.
Here is a checklist for drafting an explication, borrowed from Literature for Composition, edited by Barnet, Burto, and Cain:
Overall Considerations
- Does the poem imply a story of some sort, for instance the speaker’s account of a love affair, or of a response to nature? If so, what is its beginning, middle, and end?
- If you detect a story in the speaker’s mind, a change of mood–for instance a shift from bitterness that a love affair has ended to hope for its renewal–is this change communicated in part by the connotations of certain words? By syntax? By metrical shifts [changes in the meter or rhythm of the poem]?
- Do the details all cohere into a meaningful whole? If so, your explication will largely be an argument on behalf of this thesis.
Detailed Considerations
- If the poem has a title other than the first line, what are the implications of the title?
- Are there clusters or patterns of imagery, for instance religious images, economic images, or images drawn from nature? If so, how do they contribute to the meaning of the poem?
- Is irony (understatement or overstatement) used? To what effect?
- How do the connotations of certain words (for instance, dad rather than father) help to establish the meaning?
- What are the implications of the syntax–for instance, of notably simple or notably complex sentences? What do such sentences tell us about the speaker?
- Do metrical variations occur, and if so, what is their significance?
- Do rhyming words have some meaningful connection, as in the cliches moon and June, dove and love?
- What are the implications of the poem’s appearance on the page–for example, of an indented line, or the stanzaic pattern? (For instance, if the poem consists of two stanzas of four lines each, does the second stanza offer a reversal of the first?)
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